DU'S Department of Engineering is creating the future of technology by providing a graduate education emphasizing cross-disciplinary knowledge. A distinguished faculty is creating multi-disciplinary education and research programs that anticipate technological trends in research and industry. Engineering graduate students join the faculty in conducting leading-edge research in emerging disciplines to develop unique solutions to old and new problems and opportunities.
The well-equipped laboratories in the department contain state-of-the-art equipment and software to support research in hardware and software design and hardware/software interfacing; communications, signal processing and optoelectronics; biomedical engineering, advanced materials, atmospheric aerosol science and mechanical design among others. Small classes support our multidisciplinary and realtime focus by providing close contact between students and faculty, which allows us to meet students? individual career goals.
In addition, recognizing the different aims and goals of students, we offer joint degree programs in: management and engineering for students who wish to add to their technical skills and acquire business skills; computer science and engineering for those who desire expertise in both areas; and a PhD in materials science for those needing in-depth expertise on modern and advanced materials. Denver is a first-rate location for business, governmental and laboratory partnerships, and technology employment. The Colorado Front Range is consistently rated as one of the top high-tech areas in the country, and DU is located just minutes from the Denver Technological Center, site of many top technology companies. The Department of Engineering is committed to active collaboration with these industry leaders. As a result, our students graduate with relevant research experience and a network of employment contacts in the technology sector.
Department of Engineering
Clarence M. Knudsen Hall, Room 200
2390 South York Street
Denver, CO 80208
303-871-2102
www.du.edu/engineering
| Program | Degrees Offered | Number of Credits | Full Time/Part Time | Tests Required Min. Scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bioengineering | MS | 45 | FT/PT for all |
TOEFL 88/230/570 (IBT/CBT/PBT) GRE Varies |
| Computer Engineering | MS | 45 | ||
| Electrical Engineering | MS | 45 | ||
| Mechanical Engineering | MS | 45 | ||
| Mechatronics System Engineering | MS | 45 | ||
| Management and Engineering | MS | 68 | ||
| Computer Science and Engineering | MS | 60 | ||
| Engineering | MS, PhD | 45, 90 | ||
| Materials Science | PhD | 90 |
Any graduate applicant whose native language is not English (including U.S. citizens and permanent residents) and who wishes to be considered for a GTA position must first demonstrate fluency in spoken English by taking the Test of Spoken English (TSE), administered by ETS, and receiving a minimum score of 50. Beginning fall 2005, the new Internet-based TOEFL exam will be accepted by the University of Denver. The iBT will completely replace the old TSE exam by 2007. The minimum qualifying score for a GTA on the iBT Speaking section is 26.
The MS (CPE) program offers four areas of specialization:
The MS (EE) program offers three areas of specialization:
The MS (ME) program offers three areas of specialization:
Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, and students are admitted for the fall, winter or spring quarters. However, graduate teaching assistantships are awarded in April of each year to begin the following fall quarter. Students interested in competing for graduate teaching assistantships (GTAs) are advised to submit their applications by February to ensure consideration for an appointment in September of a given year.
Please see individual program descriptions for prerequisite requirements.
For complete international applicant information, please visit the Office of International Admission site.
DU offers extensive support for international students seeking to learn English or improve their English language skills. Visit the English Language Center’s Web site for more information.
Applicants must request that Educational Testing Services forward results to the University of Denver, Office of Graduate Admission. The institution code for the University of Denver is R4842. For information concerning GRE registration please visit www.gre.org or contact:
Graduate Record Examination
Educational Testing Service
P. O. Box 6000
Princeton, NJ 08541-6000
609-771-7670
Applicants should take the entrance exam well in advance of their intended application date. Please allow at least 14 business days for your general test scores and six weeks for your subject test scores to be received. Several departments and schools will not process applications until scores have been received. Entrance exam scores older than five years from the date of the application may not be acceptable for admission. Contact the department for specific requirements.
A $60 application fee is required. This is a nonrefundable application fee, (bank draft or personal check) drawn on a U.S. bank, that covers the cost of processing application materials. A credit card payment is acceptable for online applications only. Applications will not be processed until this fee is paid. No waivers or deferrals are allowed.
Applicants are required to submit two official transcripts from each postsecondary institution they have attended, or are presently attending, where 2 quarter hours (or 1 semester hour) or more, were completed. The University is not responsible for obtaining an applicant’s transcripts, including any record of work completed at the University of Denver. Applicants must also account for any study undertaken outside the United States.
An official transcript must include the original signature of the registrar and/or the seal of the issuing institution, and must be enclosed in an envelope with the stamp or signature of the registrar across the sealed flap. Proof of a bachelor’s, and if applicable, a master’s degree is required from a regionally accredited college or university. Requested transcripts should be mailed to the applicant and submitted to the University of Denver with supplemental admission materials. Please do not request transcripts to be mailed directly to the University of Denver from other institutions.
All credentials submitted become property of the University of Denver and cannot be copied or returned to the student or any person(s).
Three (3) letters of recommendation are required. All recommendations are to be included with application materials.
You should submit a personal statement of at least 300 words. Your essay should include information concerning your life, education, practical experience, special interests and specific purpose in applying to the University of Denver.
Optional.
Mail all supplemental admission materials, including official transcripts, in one package to:
University of Denver
Office of Graduate Admission
University Hall, Room 216
2197 S. University Blvd.
Denver, CO 80208
As a University of Denver graduate student, you are eligible for two types of financial aid: need-based (available to U.S. citizens and permanent residents) and merit-based (available to all students, including international students). The Department of Engineering also offers a number of graduate teaching assistantships that provide full tuition remission along with a stipend for the nine-month academic year (three academic quarters).
Other sources of financial aid available to both domestic and international students include graduate research assistantships (with or without partial tuition remission), scholarships and fellowships, and work-study from the department and from the School of Engineering and Computer Science.
For more information about financial aid, please contact the Department of Engineering.
The master of science in bioengineering (MS-ENBI) degree integrates engineering sciences with biomedical sciences and clinical practice to provide the skill set needed by bioscience companies. The Department of Engineering—in collaboration with the Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, and Physics and Astronomy—has designed a crossdisciplinary master of science program to address industrial requirements and the desired qualifications of a 21st century workforce in bioengineering businesses.
Students with bachelor’s degrees in chemistry, biological sciences or physics, as well as those with accredited engineering degrees, acquire a common expertise in bioengineering through a set of courses in three areas: a bioengineering core, engineering electives and bioscience electives. This program develops a common skill set using these graduate core curricula and prerequisites, while creating a depth of expertise by building upon the student’s undergraduate degree.
Every candidate for the MS degree must complete 45 quarter hours of credit, at least 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. Note that the joint MS programs have higher credit requirements, as shown in the detailed program structures below.
A bachelor of science degree in engineering, chemistry, biology or physics is normally required for admission to the MS (ENBI) program. A background including undergraduate research in an area related to bioengineering is also very helpful.
Students may be required to complete prerequisite undergraduate courses. Such courses are not considered part of the 45-credit-hour requirement for the degree. It should be noted that students whose undergraduate degree is not in engineering are not typically eligible for a graduate teaching assistantship (GTA) upon entry.
Candidates with bachelor’s degrees in biology or chemistry must have completed at least the following minimum course requirements:
Candidates with a bachelor’s degree in engineering or physics must have completed at least the following minimum course requirements:
These prerequisite courses do not count toward the 45 quarter hours required for the degree. A GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 is expected on the prerequisite courses. Candidates who have not attained the needed GPA may be required to pass a competency examination prior to admission.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in bioengineering may elect either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. This program is designed for completion in about seven quarters if two courses (6 or 7 quarter hours) are taken each quarter.
A thesis permits exceptional candidates an opportunity to gain depth in an area of study. Thesis candidates work closely with a thesis advisor, and thus this option requires support from a qualified faculty member. The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). A grade of C or better must be obtained in each course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. The course work for the bioengineering and bioscience electives must be comprised of a minimum of four 4000-level courses of at least 3 quarter hours each. To satisfy graduation requirements, candidates must maintain a course GPA of 3.0/4.0 (excluding thesis credits). The basic structure is as follows:
| Bioengineering Core | 12 QH |
| Engineering Electives | 9 QH |
| Bioscience Electives | 9 QH |
| Thesis | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
The more flexible of the two options, this is designed with the working professional in mind. A grade of C or better must be obtained in each course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. To satisfy graduation requirements, candidates must maintain a GPA of 3.0/4.0. The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Bioengineering Core | 12 QH |
| Engineering Electives | 18 QH |
| Bioscience Electives | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
Bioengineering core courses are intended to provide bioengineering students with a set of common skills and an integrated experience in the engineering sciences and biosciences. The courses must be chosen from a set of courses identified as having the requisite integrated experience. Those currently available are:
| ENME 4500 Biofluids | 3 QH |
| ENGR 4510 Biomechanics | 3 QH |
| BIOL 3705 Advanced Topics in Molecular Biology: Biophysics | 4 QH |
| BIOL 4090 Biometry | 4 QH |
Engineering elective courses are intended to provide bioengineering students with depth within a specific engineering discipline. The courses must be chosen from regular engineering course offerings (ENGR, ENBI, ENME, ENMT, ENEE, ENCE, MTSC) numbered 3000 or higher with a minimum of two courses at the 4000 level, and must be approved by the student's advisor.
Bioscience elective courses are intended to provide bioengineering students with depth within a specific bioscience discipline. The courses must be chosen from regular biology or chemistry course offerings numbered 3000 or higher (e.g. BIOL/CHEM) and approved by the student's advisor. Courses should predominately consist of graduate-level work as defined by each department.
(1-5 qtr. hrs.)
Various topics in bioengineering as announced. May be taken more than once. Prerequisite: varies with offering.
(1-5 qtr. hrs.)
Various topics in bioengineering as announced. May be taken more than once. Prerequisite: varies with offering.
(1-10 qtr. hrs.)
(1-18 qtr. hrs.)
Specialization | Course Descriptions
The master of science (MS) in computer engineering is designed to advance the student's knowledge in several areas of engineering. Each degree provides breadth through its flexible minor or technical elective requirement, while permitting the student to achieve depth in one of several areas of specialization; specifically these areas are: communications, DSP and networking; robotics, embedded systems, and instrumentation; computer systems engineering; software engineering.
These areas of specialization have been selected to coincide with those of high current interest as well as those emerging technologies that hold promise of increasing importance for the future. The purpose of this programs is to serve the profession of engineering and the Colorado community through advanced study in computer, electrical or mechanical engineering and related fields and prepares the student for academic and industrial advancement. The program offer a thesis and a non-thesis option.
Every candidate for the MS degree must complete 45 quarter hours of credit, at least 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. Note that the joint MS programs have higher credit requirements, as shown in the detailed program structures below.
A bachelor of science degree in computer engineering (BSCPE), electrical engineering (BSEE), or closely related field is required for admission to the MS CPE. Those students whose backgrounds differ significantly from EAC/ABET-accredited BS computer/electrical/mechanical engineering programs may be required to complete prerequisite undergraduate courses; such courses are not considered part of the 45-credit-hour requirement for the degree.
A competency examination may be required of candidates who do not possess a 3.0 GPA or a BS in electrical, electronic or computer engineering from an EAC/ABET accredited program. Students with BS degrees in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering science, electrical or mechanical engineering technology, engineering physics or similar bachelor of science degrees may also be admitted. However, these students should be able to demonstrate competency in the following basic subjects by passing an appropriate competency examination:
Students may be admitted provisionally while they take the appropriate prerequisite courses should it be determined from the competency examination or from the prior academic records that certain needed skills are lacking. Through the satisfactory completion of the stated provisional requirements, the student's status will be changed from provisional to regular status.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in computer engineering may elect either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. Students who are GTAs or who receive financial support from a University research grant as graduate research assistants (GRAs) are required to elect the thesis option. These programs are designed to be completed in about seven quarters if two courses (6 or 7 qtr. hrs.) are taken each quarter.
Non-Thesis
The more flexible of the two options, this is designed with the working professional in mind. For this option, a grade of B or better must be obtained in each course in order for that course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of four 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
18 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of two 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
21 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 6 QH |
| 45 QH |
Thesis
A thesis permits a candidate to obtain depth in an area of study and is especially useful for individuals seeking to pursue a subsequent degree. Thesis candidates work closely with a thesis advisor. The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of three 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
15 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of one 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
12 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 3 QH |
| Thesis | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
All MS candidates must complete an Advanced Mathematics requirement. Advanced mathematics courses at the 3000 or higher level are selected with the prior approval of the student's advisor.
A minimum of two of the technical elective courses must be at the 4000 level, (each with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) with one course selected from each of two of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. The remaining technical electives are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or the NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the prior approval of the student's advisor.
At least one of the courses for the flexible minor must be at the 4000 level (with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) selected from one of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. For the MS (CPE) and MS (EE) degrees, the remaining courses for the flexible minor must be selected from the other specializations offered for the degree chosen, with the prior approval of the student's advisor. For the MS (ME) degree, the remaining courses for the flexible minor are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the approval of the student's advisor.
The MS (CPE) program offers four areas of specialization:
The course listings below specify which courses may be taken to fulfill the specialty track course requirements.
Specialization in Communications, DSP and NetworkingThis area of specialization prepares students for research, development and implementation in the area of communication system development where competency is developed in topics from network design, signal processing and high-speed implementation of digital systems.
This area of specialization prepares students for research, development and implementation in the area of robotic and embedded systems where competency is developed in topics from controls, system design and algorithm implementation.
This area of specialization prepares students for research, development and implementation in the area of computer systems where competency is developed in topics from hardware design, software design and architectural implementation.
This area of specialization prepares students for research, development and implementation in the area of software engineering where competency is developed in topics from language development, algorithmic implementation and information management.
This course provides basic concepts from electrical, mechanical and computer engineering as applied to mechatronic systems; and is intended to serve as a foundation course for further exploration in the area of mechtaronics. Prerequisite: senior or graduate standing.
Various topics in mechatronics system engineering as announced. May be taken more than once.
Provides a framework for understanding and acquiring the knowledge, tools and skills needed by explicitly "systems-trained" engineers, to effectively interact with specialist engineers and project managers in the engineering of complex, large-scale systems. Emphasis is on the development of a life-cycle model for systems engineering processes, to reduce the risk inherent in each life-cycle stage.
This course combines systems design and integration with a real-world project involving the design and fabrication of an integrated system. Prerequisite: Mechatronics I or equivalent.
This course will introduce students to the emerging field of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. MEMS is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. The course will give a brief overview of the technology and all the basic building blocks in MEMS technology including reliability issues.
Various topics in mechatronics system engineering as announced. May be taken more than once.
The master of science (MS) in electrical engineering is designed to advance the student's knowledge in several areas of engineering and provides breadth through its flexible minor or technical elective requirement. The program also permits the student to achieve depth in one of several areas of specialization: electromagnetics and optical communications; signal processing and communications; and systems and controls.
These areas of specialization have been selected to coincide with those of high current interest as well as those emerging technologies that hold promise of increasing importance for the future. The purpose of the program is to serve the profession of engineering and the Colorado community through advanced study in electrical engineering and related fields and prepares the student for academic and industrial advancement. The program offers a thesis and a non-thesis option.
Every candidate for the MS degree must complete 45 quarter hours of credit, at least 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. Note that the joint MS programs have higher credit requirements, as shown in the detailed program structures below.
A bachelor of science degree in computer engineering (BSCPE), electrical engineering (BSEE), or closely related field is required for admission to the MS (EE) program. spectively. Those students whose backgrounds differ significantly from EAC/ABET-accredited BS computer/electrical/mechanical engineering programs may be required to complete prerequisite undergraduate courses; such courses are not considered part of the 45-credit-hour requirement for the degree.
A competency examination may be required of candidates who do not possess a 3.0 GPA or a BS in electrical, electronic or computer engineering from an EAC/ABET accredited program. Students with BS degrees in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering science, electrical or mechanical engineering technology, engineering physics or similar bachelor of science degrees may also be admitted. However, these students should be able to demonstrate competency in the following basic subjects by passing an appropriate competency examination:
Students may be admitted provisionally while they take the appropriate prerequisite courses should it be determined from the competency examination or from the prior academic records that certain needed skills are lacking. Through the satisfactory completion of the stated provisional requirements, the student's status will be changed from provisional to regular status.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in electrical engineering may elect either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. Students who are GTAs or who receive financial support from a University research grant as graduate research assistants (GRAs) are required to elect the thesis option. These programs are designed to be completed in about seven quarters if two courses (6 or 7 qtr. hrs.) are taken each quarter.
Non-Thesis
The more flexible of the two options, this is designed with the working professional in mind. For this option, a grade of B or better must be obtained in each course in order for that course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of four 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
18 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of two 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
21 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 6 QH |
| 45 QH |
Thesis
A thesis permits a candidate to obtain depth in an area of study and is especially useful for individuals seeking to pursue a subsequent degree. Thesis candidates work closely with a thesis advisor. The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of three 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
15 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of one 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
12 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 3 QH |
| Thesis | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
All MS candidates must complete an Advanced Mathematics requirement. Advanced mathematics courses at the 3000 or higher level are selected with the prior approval of the student’s advisor.
A minimum of two of the technical elective courses must be at the 4000 level, (each with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) with one course selected from each of two of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. The remaining technical electives are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or the NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the prior approval of the student’s advisor.
At least one of the courses for the flexible minor must be at the 4000 level (with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) selected from one of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. For the MS (CPE) and MS (EE) degrees, the remaining courses for the flexible minor must be selected from the other specializations offered for the degree chosen, with the prior approval of the student’s advisor. For the MS (ME) degree, the remaining courses for the flexible minor are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the approval of the student’s advisor.
The MS (EE) program offers three areas of specialization:
The course listings below specify which courses may be taken to fulfill the specialty track course requirements.
This area of specialization prepares students for research, development and design of devices and systems that operate using wave theory: laser, optics and light wave devices, electromagnetic theory, waveguides and antennas.
This specialization prepares students for research, development and design of information transmission, reception and processing systems. Courses
provide breadth with respect to algorithms for the processing of signals and information. Breadth is also provided in the study of alternate communication (information transfer over space and terrestrial channels) techniques and specific applications in image and speech processing methods. Depth is provided through several courses in specific areas.
This area of specialization focuses on the theory and design of modern analog and digital control systems to include nonlinear analysis methods, adaptive control, control of stochastic systems and control based on information theoretic concepts with a specific focus on robotics system design available.
Engineering is a field highly dependent upon computer technology for numerous applications such as: simulations, data acquisition, information processing, modeling, programming, data reduction, data analysis, engineering design, "what ifs," presentations, control and graphics, to mention only a few of the more common ones. As a result of this dependency, a strong interest in combining both an advanced degree in engineering and in computer science has led to the development of a joint degree, a master of science in computer science and engineering (MS CS/E). Dual master's degrees in computer science and engineering would require 90 quarter hours. This joint degree requires only 60 quarter hours. By reducing the number of hours and building flexibility into the degree program, this joint degree is more desirable and attainable than the dual degrees. This joint degree offers the opportunity to concentrate on both the key engineering areas of interest and to obtain a solid set of core knowledge in computer science. Most probably, the typical person seeking this degree will be an engineer highly interested in computer science. Such individuals are involved in the intimate use and integration of computers in their everyday work.
This program is designed primarily for engineers, hence in normal circumstances a bachelor of science degree from an ABET-accredited program is required for admission to the MS (CS/E) program. However, persons without an engineering degree (physicists, computer scientists, chemists, engineering technologists, material scientists, mathematicians, etc.) may be accepted provided they give evidence of certain basic knowledge. In any case, students without these basic prerequisites may be required to achieve that background as provisional candidates before being admitted as regular students. Specifically, the following background would be expected:
All students should possess mathematical skills to include:
All students should possess the following computer science background:
Students intending to focus on computer engineering:
Students intending to focus on electrical engineering:
Students intending to focus on mechanical engineering:
Students intending to focus on Materials Engineering:
Students not possessing this background may be admitted as provisional students while they acquire the necessary prerequisite undergraduate courses. Prerequisite courses with catalog numbers below 3000 do not count toward the requisite 60 quarter hours needed for the degree. In addition, there is a limit to the number of 3000-level quarter hours that can be allowed toward the degree. Candidates who did not earn a 3.0/4.0 GPA may be required to pass a competency examination on the appropriate prerequisites.
Every candidate for the MS (CS/E) degree must complete 60 quarter hours of credit, at least 51 of which must be completed at the University of Denver.
Candidates for the degree of master of science (computer science and engineering) must choose either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. Students who are GTAs or who receive financial support from a University research grant as graduate research assistants (GRAs) are required to elect the thesis option.
It is anticipated that non-thesis students will take more than two years to complete the requirements. The basic structure of the minimum 60 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Computer Science Core (required courses) | 20 QH |
| Computer Science Electives | 8 QH |
| Engineering Core | 18 QH |
| Engineering Electives | 10 QH |
| Capstone Project | 4 QH |
| 60 QH |
The project should integrate engineering and computer science.
The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). The basic structure of the minimum 60 quarter hours for the thesis option is as follows:
| Computer Science Core | 20 QH |
| Computer Science Electives | 4 QH |
| Engineering Core | 18 QH |
| Engineering Electives | 6 QH |
| Thesis | 12 QH |
| 60 QH |
The thesis should integrate engineering and computer science.
Each candidate must take the following computer science core courses:
Must be completed in courses with COMP or MATH prefixes at the 3000 level or above.
Twenty quarter hours of courses with ENGR, ENBI, ENME, ENMT, ENCE, ENEE or MTSC prefixes, at least two at the 4000 level. At least 12 quarter hours must be from one discipline (minimum 6 hours).
The engineering electives may be selected from courses numbered 3000 and above in the departments of engineering, physics, biology or chemistry in consultation with the student's advisor, who ensures that the program is academically sound.
The master of science in management and engineering is a unique joint degree offered by the Daniels College of Business and the Department of Engineering. It is designed primarily for the professional engineer who is in mid-career (5 to 12 years post-BS). Many engineers advance to leadership positions within their businesses. They are designated team or group leaders or promoted to section, branch or division heads. In these roles, they are called upon to exercise managerial skills that often have not been fully developed. Furthermore with technology constantly undergoing rapid change, skills acquired in undergraduate education may be in need of upgrading and expansion. The purpose of this program is to serve the engineering profession and the Colorado industrial community through advanced study in both management and engineering, thus meeting both needs in one comprehensive program. The program prepares its students for industrial advancement.
A bachelor of science degree in an ABET- or ECPD-accredited engineering program or closely related field is required for admission to this program. In addition, as part of the graduate admission procedure for the University of Denver, the applicant must submit scores from either the Graduate Record Examination general test or the Graduate Management Admissions Test. Those students whose backgrounds differ significantly from that ordinarily expected of traditional engineering graduates may be required to complete prerequisite undergraduate courses; such courses are not considered part of the 34 engineering credit-hours requirement for the degree. A competency examination may be required of entering students who do not possess a 3.0 GPA or a BS from an ABET- or ECPD-accredited institution. Students with BS degrees in physics, mathematics, computer science, materials science, engineering technology, engineering physics or similar BS degrees may also be admitted. Graduate teaching assistantships are not available for students wishing to pursue this degree.
Consideration for admission is based on the following:
Completed applications should be sent to:
Daniels College of Business
2101 S. University Blvd., Room 225
Denver, CO 80208
303-871-3416 or 1-800-622-4723
The program currently employs a rolling deadline, and students are admitted in the fall, winter, and spring quarters. To be certain of acceptance to a particular quarter, a completed application should be received by the Department of Engineering at least 45 days before the start of the quarter.
Every candidate for the MS in management and engineering degree must complete 68 quarter hours of credit, at least 51 of which must be completed at the University of Denver.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in management and engineering must complete the following:
| BUS 4100 Values-Based Leadership | 4 QH |
| BUS 4200 The 21st Century Professional | 4 QH |
| BUS XXXX | 4 QH |
| MBA 4290 Business Strategy (cf. note below) | 4 QH |
| 18 QH | |
| Total Graduate Management Hours | 34 QH |
Note: Business foundations courses may not be used to complete any hour requirements, but must be taken if they are prerequisites to other courses that are to be applied to the degree. Some students may be able to test out of relevant foundations courses. For example, a student specializing in finance may be required to take FIN 3900, but cannot apply the hours to the degree, or may be able to test out of FIN 3900, and proceed directly into applicable courses.
| Concentration Course Work | 15 QH |
| Technical Electives | 15 QH |
| Advanced Project | 4 QH |
| Total Engineering Hours | 34 QH |
| Internship | 1-4 QH |
The internship may be waived with advisor approval.
A maximum of 15 quarter hours may be transferred from another approved institution or earned as a special status student and count toward this degree.
The management core courses mirror the cross-functional involvement found in business decision making. Instead of separate courses for each discipline, there are three courses presenting business fundamentals, such as accounting, financial management, marketing, statistics and current business issues in an interrelated format providing a comprehensive view of business, the way it actually operates, and one capstone course that builds upon these fundamentals and on the student's chosen specialization.
18 quarter hours from the Daniels College of Business, selected with the aid of an advisor from the Daniels College.
Fifteen quarter hours from 3000- or 4000-level courses with ENGR, ENBI, ENME, ENMT, ENCE, ENEE or MTSC prefixes, with a minimum of three courses at the 4000 level. These courses are selected from the regular offerings of the Department of Engineering in consultation with an engineering advisor to suit the particular interests of the professional. These courses provide depth in the engineering portion of the program.
Fifteen quarter hours from 3000 or 4000 level courses (with a minimum of two courses at the 4000 level) with ENGR, ENBI, ENME, ENMT, ENCE, ENEE, MTSC, COMP, PHYS, CHEM, BIOL or MATH prefixes. This requirement is designed to provide flexibility to the technical portion of the degree by permitting students to select broadening courses from other non-engineering disciplines, if desired.
All students are required to complete an integrative advanced project (ENGR 4930) that combines aspects of engineering and management.
The objective of the PhD in engineering program is to provide an educational environment that encourages students to develop the ability to contribute to the advancement of science, engineering and technology through independent research. The PhD students of the 21st century may pursue academic, research, entrepreneurial and/or industrial careers. The Department of Engineering in the School of Engineering and Computer Science (SECS) at the University of Denver offers opportunities to develop individualized plans of study based on a student's previous experience and desired research areas. The plan of study allows students to work on interdisciplinary research, while also satisfying the PhD in engineering degree requirements.
The Department of Engineering offers two types of PhD degrees:
Students with a master's degree in computer, electrical, mechanical engineering or closely related areas may apply for the PhD program in engineering. Admission with only a bachelor of science in this field is also possible, but students with only a BS degree are strongly encouraged to enroll first in the MS (CPE, EE, or ME) programs. Admission to the PhD program is based on a review of the application and associated references. Normally, a GPA of at least 3.0 is required. All graduate engineering courses presuppose mastery of the subject matter of a modern ABET-accredited curriculum in engineering. Students with a BS in other engineering or related science fields and students with a BSCPE, BSEE, BSME who have not taken graduate academic work for some time may be required to complete preparatory courses that are prerequisites for the core courses of the three engineering concentrations on which the qualifying exams are based. These courses carry no credit toward the graduate degree.
Research requires an in-depth study of an engineering problem with a broad knowledge base in science and engineering. Therefore advanced courses are offered to strengthen the fundamentals and to broaden the engineering and science perspective. Students entering the PhD in engineering degree program may specialize in computer engineering, electrical engineering or mechanical engineering, or may undertake an interdisciplinary degree. The minimum credit requirements are different for individuals entering the program with a closely related master's degree and for those entering with a bachelor's only. All requirements for the degree must be completed within eight years from admission to candidacy.
The interdisciplinary PhD program offers opportunities for students to develop a plan of study combining engineering and a complementary discipline. In the plan of study, course work in the complementary discipline can be included up to the maximum number of technical elective quarter hours. The student's plan of study must be approved by his/her PhD committee and the department chair. When the student is completing research and course work in a complementary discipline, the student's PhD committee must include a faculty member from the related department or division/school.
First and foremost, each student admitted to the PhD program must pass the qualifying exam to obtain candidacy or official entrance into the doctoral program. The purpose of the qualifying exam is to determine whether the student has the necessary foundations to undertake doctoral studies. Students must take exams in three of the subject areas below. To pass the qualifying exam, the student must obtain a passing score (minimum of 70 percent) in all three subject areas. The design exam is required for all candidates, and is an open-book exam, where the student will have one week to prepare a written and oral response to an open-ended design problem. The other two exams should be related to the student's research area and need to be selected with the consent of PhD advisor(s) and the committee. The area exams will be two-hour closed-book written exams.
The department offers the qualifying exam twice a year; once at the end of the spring quarter (May) and once at the beginning of the winter quarter (January). Students must register for the qualifying exam according to the deadlines below. The exact exam date and time will be set to accommodate the population of students taking the exam.
EXAM DATE |
REGISTER BY |
| January | November 15 |
| May | April 15 |
It is recommended that students take the qualifying exam at the end of their first full year of academic study. Prior to taking this examination, a student must identify a faculty member who is willing to supervise the student's research. The selection of the dissertation advisor requires the approval of the department chair. For all PhD candidates, the qualifying examination can be retaken only once.
For students entering with a bachelor's degree, 90 quarter hours are required, 72 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. A minimum of 48 quarter hours must be at the 4000 level and may include as many dissertation research hours (Independent Research and Independent Study) as considered appropriate by the advisor. The student with his or her advisor will develop an appropriate plan of study with an area of specialization, technical electives and advanced mathematics. The area of specialization will consist of 15 quarter hours of course work (with a minimum of three 4000-level courses, excluding independent research). An additional 12 quarter hours of course work (excluding independent research) are required as related technical electives. For a PhD in engineering, the technical electives must be in engineering (e.g. Bioengineering, Mechatronics, Environmental Systems, or Nanotechnology) or related areas (e.g., Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry or Cognitive Sciences). Furthermore, a 3-quarter-hour advanced mathematics requirement must also be satisfied. Advanced mathematics courses at the 3000 or higher level are selected with the prior approval of the student's advisor. Prior to completion of the comprehensive exam, the plan of study must be approved by the student's PhD committee.
If a student is admitted with a closely related master's degree, a minimum of 45 quarter hours is required, 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. The student with his or her advisor will develop an appropriate program consisting of a minimum of 36 quarter hours at the 4000 level, which may include as many dissertation research hours (Independent Research and Independent Study) as considered appropriate by the advisor. The student with his or her advisor will develop an appropriate plan of study with an area of specialization, technical electives and advanced mathematics. Prior to completion of the comprehensive exam, the student's plan of study must be approved by the student's PhD committee.
Generally within three years of attaining candidacy, the student should schedule and take the comprehensive examination. This oral examination will be attended by a minimum of three faculty members, preferably the student's entire PhD committee. The student will be expected to make a 30- to 40-minute concise presentation on his/her dissertation topic. The presentation will highlight previous work in this area, demonstrate a need for the research, and explain how the research will contribute to the advancement of the area. The student will also present completed work and results, anticipated work and results, and a detailed plan for project completion. In addition, the student will be expected to answer general fundamental questions in the area of his/her concentration and detailed questions in the area of the student's graduate course work.
The qualifying exam must be completed prior to the student taking the comprehensive exam. The comprehensive examination can be retaken only once.
The student is required to complete and defend a dissertation of publishable quality based on the student's original research. The dissertation must be completed in written form in accordance with the University's graduate school guidelines. A summary of the dissertation must be presented in a public seminar and subsequently defended by the student in the final oral examination. The examining committee will consist of the student's entire PhD committee.
One year of full-time graduate work and two consecutive years of part-time graduate work satisfy the minimum residency requirement at the University of Denver. For those applicants from industry with established special degree programs with the School of Engineering and Computer Science (SECS), the residency requirement can be waived by the dean of SECS.
The PhD committee will consist of at least four faculty members. Three faculty members must be from within the student's specialty area; these can include the student's advisor, other faculty in that degree program and, if necessary, off-campus experts. Finally, for the final oral defense of the thesis, an oral defense chair who must be a tenured faculty member outside the Department of Engineering needs to be identified in consultation with the DU graduate studies office. For the interdisciplinary PhD, one member of the committee must be from the complementary discipline. The PhD committee must approve the student's plan of study and research plan and must be in place before the PhD comprehensive exam.
Specialization | Course Descriptions
The master of science (MS) in mechanical engineering is designed to advance the student's knowledge in several areas of engineering. The degree provides breadth through its flexible minor or technical elective requirement, while permitting the student to achieve depth in these areas: fluid mechanics and heat transfer, mechanical design and analysis, and structure and behavior of materials.
These areas of specialization have been selected to coincide with those of high current interest as well as those emerging technologies that hold promise of increasing importance for the future. The purpose of this program is to serve the profession of engineering and the Colorado community through advanced study in mechanical engineering and related fields, and the program repares the student for academic and industrial advancement. The program offers a thesis and a non-thesis option.
Every candidate for the MS degree must complete 45 quarter hours of credit, at least 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. Note that the joint MS programs have higher credit requirements, as shown in the detailed program structures below.
A bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering (BSME) or closely related field is required for admission to the MS (ME) program. Those students whose backgrounds differ significantly from EAC/ABET-accredited BS computer/electrical/mechanical engineering programs may be required to complete prerequisite undergraduate courses; such courses are not considered part of the 45-credit-hour requirement for the degree.
A competency examination may be required of MS (ME) candidates who do not possess a 3.0 GPA or a BS in mechanical, civil, aerospace or materials science or materials engineering from an EAC/ABET-accredited program. Students with BS degrees in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering science, electrical or mechanical engineering technology, engineering physics or similar bachelor of science degrees may also be admitted. However, these students should be able to demonstrate competency in the following basic subjects by passing an appropriate competency examination:
Students may be admitted provisionally while they take the appropriate prerequisite courses should it be determined from the competency examination or from the prior academic records that certain needed skills are lacking. Through the satisfactory completion of the stated provisional requirements, the student's status will be changed from provisional to regular status.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in mechanical engineering may elect either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. Students who are GTAs or who receive financial support from a University research grant as graduate research assistants (GRAs) are required to elect the thesis option. These programs are designed to be completed in about seven quarters if two courses (6 or 7 qtr. hrs.) are taken each quarter.
Non-Thesis Option:
The more flexible of the two options, this is designed with the working professional in mind. For this option, a grade of B or better must be obtained in each course in order for that course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of four 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
18 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of two 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
21 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 6 QH |
| 45 QH |
Thesis Option:
A thesis permits a candidate to obtain depth in an area of study and is especially useful for individuals seeking to pursue a subsequent degree. Thesis candidates work closely with a thesis advisor. The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track (with a minimum of three 4000-level courses, of at least 3 QH each ) |
15 QH |
| Technical Electives (with a minimum of one 4000-level courses, of at least 3QH each) |
12 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 3 QH |
| Thesis | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
All MS candidates must complete an Advanced Mathematics requirement. Advanced mathematics courses at the 3000 or higher level are selected with the prior approval of the student’s advisor.
A minimum of two of the technical elective courses must be at the 4000 level, (each with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) with one course selected from each of two of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. The remaining technical electives are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or the NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the prior approval of the student’s advisor.
At least one of the courses for the flexible minor must be at the 4000 level (with not less than 3 quarter hours of credit) selected from one of the other specializations offered for the degree chosen. A course that appears in more than one specialization may only be counted toward one specialization. For the MS (CPE) and MS (EE) degrees, the remaining courses for the flexible minor must be selected from the other specializations offered for the degree chosen, with the prior approval of the student’s advisor. For the MS (ME) degree, the remaining courses for the flexible minor are chosen from appropriate courses numbered 3000 or higher, offered by either Computer Science or NSM (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) departments, with the approval of the student’s advisor.
MS (ME) program offers three areas of specialization:
The following course listings specify which courses may be taken to fulfill the specialty track course requirement.
This area of concentration prepares students for research and development work in areas of technology that are currently materials limited. This specialization develops the skills to successfully couple materials with new properties to demanding design applications. Courses provide breadth with respect to materials types (composites, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers) and characterization techniques (acoustic emission, X-ray diffraction, surface analysis).
This area of concentration prepares students for the research and design of thermal/fluid systems (i.e. ventilation, engines, aerosols, atomization and novel process design). This specialization provides students with a thorough foundation in the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, or heat and mass transfer. Courses provide this foundation through analytical, numerical and experimental methods. Students may choose to master one particular subject area within this specialization or take courses in all three areas to master a particular system, process or engine.
This area of concentration prepares students for the design and analysis of mechanical components. This specialization covers the design and analysis of both rigid and dynamic structures. Students may choose to emphasize one of several areas within this specialization. These areas include: mechanisms and machinery; design methods; and structural analysis.
The master of science in mechatronics system engineering (MS-ENMT) is designed to meet the needs of industry and research laboratories for engineers with multidisciplinary experience and an ability to integrate systems of components and people from multiple engineering disciplines. Mechatronics involves the integration of mechanical, electrical and computer engineering to design complex systems that perform real-world tasks. System engineering likewise incorporates a focus on integration, while also considering project management, redundant systems, operations, design optimization and reliability.
This degree provides graduates with the technical understanding and skill sets required to lead integrated projects through interfacing with engineers and technicians in other disciplines. The program includes a broad set of common course requirements along with a selection of appropriate technical electives to give depth in the student’s area of interest.
Every candidate for the MS degree must complete 45 quarter hours of credit, at least 36 of which must be completed at the University of Denver. Note that the joint MS programs have higher credit requirements, as shown in the detailed program structures below.
A bachelor’s degree in an engineering discipline from an accredited engineering program is required for admission to the program. It is expected that students will have completed the undergraduate degree in a traditional engineering discipline, but may need to take several prerequisite courses in other mechatronics areas. While some of these courses may be applied to the 45 hours required for the degree, it is likely that some may not. All candidates must also pass a standardized competency exam. The competency exam is administered upon acceptance to the program or after the completion of the Mechatronics I course. The purpose of the exam is to certify that candidates meet the prerequisite level required for graduate course work in all (computer, electrical and mechanical engineering) areas. Students without basic prerequisites may be required to achieve the necessary background as provisional candidates before being admitted as regular students. Upon satisfactory completion of the stated provisional requirements, the student’s status will be changed from provisional to regular status.
Candidates for the degree of master of science in mechatronics system engineering may elect either the thesis or non-thesis option. This choice may be made at any time, although a delay in declaration may impact the completion date. These programs are designed for completion in about seven quarters if two courses (6 or 7 quarter hours) are taken each quarter.
A thesis permits exceptional candidates an opportunity to gain depth in a chosen area of study. Thesis candidates work closely with a thesis advisor, and thus this option requires support from a qualified faculty member. The thesis option is required for all graduate research assistants (GRAs) and graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). A grade of C or better must be obtained in each course for that course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. The course work for the Specialty Track and Technical Electives must consist of a minimum of four 4000-level courses of at least 3 quarter hours each. To satisfy graduation requirements, candidates must maintain a course GPA of 3.0/4.0 (excluding thesis credits). The basic structure is as follows:
| Specialty Track | 18 QH |
| Technical Electives | 9 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 3 QH |
| Thesis | 15 QH |
| 45 QH |
The more flexible of the two options, this is designed with the working professional in mind. A grade of C or better must be obtained in each course for that course to count toward the 45-quarter-hour requirement. To satisfy graduation requirements, candidates must maintain a course GPA of 3.0/4.0. The course work for the Specialty Track and Technical Elective Areas must consist of a minimum of six 4000-level courses of at least 3 quarter hours each. The basic structure of the minimum 45 quarter hours for the non-thesis option is as follows:
| Specialty Track | 18 QH |
| Technical Elective Area 1 | 12 QH |
| Technical Elective Area 2 | 9 QH |
| Advanced Mathematics Requirement | 6 QH |
| 45 QH |
The specialty track is designed to emphasize the multidisciplinary core areas of mechatronics system engineering. Courses for the specialty track are recommended below. Substitutions based on student experience and interest are allowable if they do not compromise the multidisciplinary nature of the program.
| ENMT 3210 Mechatronics I | 4 QH |
| ENMT 4220 Mechatronics II | 4 QH |
| ENCE 3231 Embedded Microprocessors | 3 QH |
| ENEE 4720 Modern and Digital Control Systems | 4 QH |
| ENME 3545 Mechanisms | 3 QH |
| 18 QH |
The technical electives are focused in two areas that fall into specializations within the traditional (CpE, EE, ME) disciplines. These courses provide students with depth in specific areas related to mechatronics system engineering. Examples of Technical Elective Areas include Design (Optimization, Finite Element Analysis, Reliability), Smart Structures and Materials (Mechanical Behavior of Material, Fatigue, Composites, Structural Monitoring and Diagnostics) or Controls (Advanced Nonlinear Controls, Adaptive Control Systems, Robotics).
The courses will be chosen from regular engineering course offerings (ENGR, ENBI, ENME, ENMT, ENEE, ENCE, MTSC) at the 3000 level or higher. A partial list of courses that can serve as technical electives are:
All MS candidates must complete an advanced mathematics requirement. Advanced mathematics courses at the 3000 or higher level are selected with the prior approval of the student's advisor.
This course provides basic concepts from electrical, mechanical and computer engineering as applied to mechatronic systems; and is intended to serve as a foundation course for further exploration in the area of mechtaronics. Prerequisite: senior or graduate standing.
Various topics in mechatronics system engineering as announced. May be taken more than once.
Provides a framework for understanding and acquiring the knowledge, tools and skills needed by explicitly "systems-trained" engineers, to effectively interact with specialist engineers and project managers in the engineering of complex, large-scale systems. Emphasis is on the development of a life-cycle model for systems engineering processes, to reduce the risk inherent in each life-cycle stage.
This course combines systems design and integration with a real-world project involving the design and fabrication of an integrated system. Prerequisite: Mechatronics I or equivalent.
This course will introduce students to the emerging field of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. MEMS is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. The course will give a brief overview of the technology and all the basic building blocks in MEMS technology including reliability issues.
Various topics in mechatronics system engineering as announced. May be taken more than once.
The Department of Engineering Web site offers the most current information on courses, requirements, faculty and student news. Go to http://www.du.edu/engineering for more information on the program.
Daniel L. Armentrout, PhD
Associate Chair, Lecturer
University of Denver
Ronald R. DeLyser, PhD
Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering
University of Colorado, Boulder
Marvin A. Hamstad, PhD
Professor, Mechanical Engineering
University of California-Berkeley
Irvin R. Jones, PhD
Assistant Professor, Computer Engineering
University of Colorado, Boulder
Maciej S. Kumosa, PhD
Professor, Graduate Director, Materials Science
Technical University of Wroclaw
Peter J. Laz, PhD
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Purdue University
Corinne Lengsfeld, PhD
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering
University of California, Irvine
Mohammad Matin, PhD
Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering
University of Nottingham, England
Kimberly E. Newman, PhD
Assistant Professor, Computer Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Siavash Pourkamali, PhD
Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
Paul J. Rullkoetter, PhD
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Purdue University
Roger E. Salters, PhD
Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering
University of New Mexico
Rahmat A. Shoureshi, PhD
Professor, Dean
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Richard M. Voyles, PhD
Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering
Carnegie Mellon University
Robert K. Whitman, PhD
Senior Lecturer, Electrical Engineering
University of Colorado, Boulder
James C. Wilson, PhD
Professor, Mechanical Engineering
University of Minnesota
Yun-Bo YI, PhD
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
University of Michigan
Wesley Cobb, PhD
Yale University
Mark Gentz, PhD
University of Denver
George Rinard, PhD
University of Missouri
Przemyslaw Rupnowski, PhD
University of Denver
J.M. Reeves, PhD
University of Washington-Seattle
Richard Quine, MA
University of Colorado, Boulder
P. K. Predecki, PhD
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Professor Emeritus, University of Denver)
Elizabeth R. Tuttle, PhD
University of Colorado, Boulder
(Professor Emerita, University of Denver)
G. R. Eaton, PhD
Professor, Chemistry,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
S. S Eaton, PhD
Professor, Chemistry,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Davor Balzar, PhD
Assistant Professor, Physics,
University of Zagreb, Croatia